In a way shard and subnet are similar yes. Sharding for me is associated with scaling and that’s really not the purpose of subnets on Avalanche which are there to offer a custom network specific to your needs
One of the main differences I thought was a shard has to replicate the set up of the main chain were a side chain can be set up however you want e.g. an eth 2.0 shard is just another eth 2.0 chain validated by separate nodes, on a side chain you can have the whole of eth on 1, BTC on another, private chain only open to approved US investors on another etc
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