Проблема: Внутри докера: /# ping 172.17.0.1 PING 172.17.0.1 (172.17.0.1): 56 data bytes 64 bytes

from 172.17.0.1: icmp_seq=0 ttl=64 time=0.147 ms
64 bytes from 172.17.0.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.058 ms
64 bytes from 172.17.0.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.058 ms
64 bytes from 172.17.0.1: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.059 ms
64 bytes from 172.17.0.1: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.059 ms
64 bytes from 172.17.0.1: icmp_seq=5 ttl=64 time=0.058 ms
64 bytes from 172.17.0.1: icmp_seq=6 ttl=64 time=0.058 ms
^C--- 172.17.0.1 ping statistics ---
7 packets transmitted, 7 packets received, 0% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = 0.058/0.071/0.147/0.031 ms


root@7ac42fc7a095:/# ping 8.8.8.8
PING 8.8.8.8 (8.8.8.8): 56 data bytes
^C--- 8.8.8.8 ping statistics ---
9 packets transmitted, 0 packets received, 100% packet loss

Снаружи (host system):
13 5.002341876 02:42:bd:46:7f:7e -> 02:42:ac:11:00:02 ARP 42 Who has 172.17.0.2? Tell 172.17.0.1
14 5.002376769 02:42:ac:11:00:02 -> 02:42:bd:46:7f:7e ARP 42 172.17.0.2 is at 02:42:ac:11:00:02
15 5.005388797 172.17.0.2 -> 172.17.0.1 ICMP 98 Echo (ping) request id=0x0008, seq=5/1280, ttl=64
16 5.005406947 172.17.0.1 -> 172.17.0.2 ICMP 98 Echo (ping) reply id=0x0008, seq=5/1280, ttl=64 (request in 15)
17 6.006452605 172.17.0.2 -> 172.17.0.1 ICMP 98 Echo (ping) request id=0x0008, seq=6/1536, ttl=64
18 6.006470735 172.17.0.1 -> 172.17.0.2 ICMP 98 Echo (ping) reply id=0x0008, seq=6/1536, ttl=64 (request in 17)
19 10.866212113 172.17.0.2 -> 8.8.8.8 ICMP 98 Echo (ping) request id=0x0009, seq=0/0, ttl=64
20 11.867231972 172.17.0.2 -> 8.8.8.8 ICMP 98 Echo (ping) request id=0x0009, seq=1/256, ttl=64
21 12.868331353 172.17.0.2 -> 8.8.8.8 ICMP 98 Echo (ping) request id=0x0009, seq=2/512, ttl=64
22 13.869400083 172.17.0.2 -> 8.8.8.8 ICMP 98 Echo (ping) request id=0x0009, seq=3/768, ttl=64
23 14.870462114 172.17.0.2 -> 8.8.8.8 ICMP 98 Echo (ping) request id=0x0009, seq=4/1024, ttl=64
24 15.871531410 172.17.0.2 -> 8.8.8.8 ICMP 98 Echo (ping) request id=0x0009, seq=5/1280, ttl=64
25 16.872624599 172.17.0.2 -> 8.8.8.8 ICMP 98 Echo (ping) request id=0x0009, seq=6/1536, ttl=64
26 17.873694558 172.17.0.2 -> 8.8.8.8 ICMP 98 Echo (ping) request id=0x0009, seq=7/1792, ttl=64
27 18.874759863 172.17.0.2 -> 8.8.8.8 ICMP 98 Echo (ping) request id=0x0009, seq=8/2048, ttl=64

вот.