Конкретно про константу 300 в этом блоке кода: /*

* Determine which standard statistics algorithm to use
*/
if (OidIsValid(eqopr) && OidIsValid(ltopr))
{
/* Seems to be a scalar datatype */
stats->compute_stats = compute_scalar_stats;
/*--------------------
* The following choice of minrows is based on the paper
* "Random sampling for histogram construction: how much is enough?"
* by Surajit Chaudhuri, Rajeev Motwani and Vivek Narasayya, in
* Proceedings of ACM SIGMOD International Conference on Management
* of Data, 1998, Pages 436-447. Their Corollary 1 to Theorem 5
* says that for table size n, histogram size k, maximum relative
* error in bin size f, and error probability gamma, the minimum
* random sample size is
* r = 4 * k * ln(2*n/gamma) / f^2
* Taking f = 0.5, gamma = 0.01, n = 10^6 rows, we obtain
* r = 305.82 * k
* Note that because of the log function, the dependence on n is
* quite weak; even at n = 10^12, a 300*k sample gives <= 0.66
* bin size error with probability 0.99. So there's no real need to
* scale for n, which is a good thing because we don't necessarily
* know it at this point.
*--------------------
*/
stats->minrows = 300 * attr->attstattarget;
}
else if (OidIsValid(eqopr))
{
/* We can still recognize distinct values */
stats->compute_stats = compute_distinct_stats;
/* Might as well use the same minrows as above */
stats->minrows = 300 * attr->attstattarget;
}
else
{
/* Can't do much but the trivial stuff */
stats->compute_stats = compute_trivial_stats;
/* Might as well use the same minrows as above */
stats->minrows = 300 * attr->attstattarget;
}

пожалуйста, отвечайте законченными