and runtime? Am I true?
Correct. Java code (or code in any other programming language) first is compiled, i.e. translated to another form. For java it is translated into jvm "bytecode"; it's going to be executed by jvm. For "C" language, for example, it is compiled into binary form that is going to be executed on cpu directly. So during compilation process (kind of translation) compiler performs language specific checks and tries to find as much errors as possible. Then the translated form is executed and if something goes wrong when it is executed the runtime exception occurs.
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